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    <loc>https://www.colourscienceservices.xyz/blog</loc>
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    <lastmod>2025-04-24</lastmod>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.colourscienceservices.xyz/blog/review-of-the-asus-pa32ucdm-as-colour-grading-display-for-high-end-postproduction</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-04-24</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/3c576461-0118-42ef-aca1-8637f2ce5d0b/Screenshot+2025-04-13+165919.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Included in the Box is a factory calibration report which at least provides some reassurance of the display’s accuracy and potential. However, the report is based on very little measurement data. To prove the &lt;1 DeltaE claim, they included 3 bar charts for P3, Adobe RGB and sRGB. Each chart shows the DeltaE values of 32 measured grey values and colours. It is not stated which exact RGB code values were used, but if the calibration reports from the ProArt Software use the same values for verification, only primary and secondary colours were measured. So the &lt;1 DeltaE claim is based on a check profile consisting of just 8 grey values and 24 colour values of primary and secondary colours. That pretty much only tells us that the display can hit the edges of the colour spaces with a high enough precision and that the greyscale tracking is somewhat accurate and that a very small number of primary and secondary colours track according to the colour target, but it does not tell us anything about all the other colours in the bulk of the 3-dimensional colour volume. In colour grading, it is very important that all of the colours in the colour space track correctly according to the desired colour space specification. Displays can exhibit non-linearities in the gamut mapping, which a small check profile verification may not pick up. It is also possible to optimise the autocalibration in order to show very good results for just a few colours in the entire colour gamut in order to make the report look better. This is the reason I always use a verification patch set of at least 1000 colours to assess the colour accuracy of displays. On the factory report under “Test Equipment”, we see “Minota Color Analyzer CA410”. This is a typo - the CA410 is from Konica Minolta. This device is a tristimulus colourimeter, much like my CR-100. The report does not state whether this CA410 has a probe matching preset from a reference Spectroradiometer for that Display Panel type and if it has one, the report does not specify which reference Spectrometer was used to create the probe correlation preset.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/47671040-6f85-411b-b398-b32d2e2cca82/Screenshot+2025-04-13+161007.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Next, I used the ASUS ProArt Calibration Software to recalibrate the Rec709 factory preset. I used ColourSpace and my 1090 colour verification set to verify and illustrate the results. The colour accuracy is already much better than before. Autocalibration takes care of the deviations in peak brightness, the white balance, the EOTF tracking, and the gamut mapping. The average DeltaE2000 came down to a respectable 0.6 with with 968 patches measuring DeltaE &lt;1, 115 patches between DeltaE 1 and 2.3, and only 7 patches above 2.3, with one point reaching the highest deviation of DeltaE 2000 of 2.8. This is now in line with the marketing claims from ASUS of a &lt;1 DeltaE accuracy - and this across the whole colour volume and not just for 32 colours, which is very good for an automatic calibration procedure! These results put the PA32UCDM roughly on par with a used (5000-8000h runtime) Sony PVM-A250 OLED Display. It has to be noted: although the ProArt autocalibration was used, it achieved these results with high-end calibration hardware that not everybody has access to. Also, the Konica Minolta CA410, which ASUS used for factory calibration, is a very expensive high-end colourimeter. The ASUS Pro Art colour space characterisation process measures a lot of very dark colour patches near absolute black, and the patches are very close to each other in the shadow part of the profiling. This is necessary to get the EOTF tracking as accurate as possible. I am not sure if more budget-oriented colourimeters would be capable of producing reliable enough readings to produce good auto-calibration results. I have an X-Rite I1 Display Pro still in a box somewhere, but I did not try it on the ASUS since this colourimeter is already 10 years old, and I would not trust the readings of such low-cost devices after they are older than 2 years. But I am curious to know what results a newer budget-oriented meter can achieve with the ProArt autocalibration feature. However, the full potential and accuracy of any Display can only be unlocked with high-end spectrometers and colourimeters (and some experience). It is also the only way to match different display types in the same room/facility.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/4cc068b3-bde2-45f7-a1cd-0fb013c24911/Screenshot+2025-04-24+140703.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Graphs above show some colour drift going on while cycling through the 1090 colour verification patch set in HDR brightness. On a High-End Dual LCD type colour grading display with lots of thermal mass and active heat management, there would be almost no drift during a verification run as long as the device had enough time to reach steady state after switching into HDR. This is why I recommend the ASUS PA32UCDM primarily for colour-critical work in SDR (where heat cycling is much less of an issue) and only for occasional, non-critical HDR work. For absolute colour-critical work in HDR on an everyday basis, the high-end dual LCD colour grading displays from Sony and EIZO are still the better choice.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/fd56f0af-42c4-48e4-a5dd-b4f984139820/20250411_143751.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>When calibrating the white point with the reference spectrometer, it was also nice to see that the greyscale perceptually matched really well to my 13” iPad Pro (M4, 2024). And everybody who read my last article knows that I keep my iPad Pro perceptually matched to a calibrated BVM-HX310 whenever I get the chance to do so. I use that as a form of visual sanity check. The match can be improved with custom D65 white point colour coordinates specifically for the ASUS QD-OLED Panel, but for this kind of perceptual fine-tuning, it is necessary to create custom presets which incorporate the perceptual match directly within the calibration LUT. The colour coordinates of the factory presets can not be changed; any perceptual fine tuning there would have to be done through adjusting the R/G/B Gain sliders after the autocalibration, which I do not recommend. Please note: for the photo above, my phone camera’s sensor and its automatic image processing, the difference in white balance was stronger than for the human eye.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/a2feee20-5513-4828-9784-9a8806a55d5d/Screenshot+2025-04-13+161103.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Now, the average DeltaE 2000 is down to an impressive 0.33 - a substantial improvement over the already good ProArt autocalibration. With this approach, there are no colours above DeltaE 2000 of 2 anymore, with the highest deviation being 1.6. 97.8% of the measured colours were below DeltaE 2000 of 1. This was only the first try, and I see still room for some improvement. After optimising and adjusting my calibration workflow for the ASUS QD-OLED Panel, it should be possible to get even slightly better results than that. But even now, the ASUS PA32UCDM for Rec709 Gamma 2.4 SDR is on the same level as the EIZO Prominence CG-3145/46 in terms of colour accuracy. For a device that costs only around 2000€, the ASUS performs outstandingly in SDR. Only the Sony BVM-HX310 is even better ( &lt;0.25 DeltaE 2000 typical for Sony BVM-HX310).</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/7432ae21-035d-4fa9-af28-38a22da8f95e/Screenshot+2025-04-13+160932.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>As we can see in the report above, the colour accuracy directly out of the box does not match what ASUS claims. I never really expected that the factory calibration would be bang on the money, but it was still a bit surprising how far off this particularly important preset was out of the box. The included ASUS calibration report states that the measurements for the unit were accurate at the time of manufacturing, which was January 2025. Since then, it undoubtedly underwent some heat cycles on its way in a shipping container from Japan to Europe, where it then also probably sat some time on a shelf and inside trucks and trains until I purchased it in April of 2025. New displays also tend to drift a bit more directly after manufacturing since all the internals need some time to settle. Before taking the verification profile, I correlated the measurements of my CR-100 to my JETI Specbos 2501 HiRes reference Spectroradiometer. Peak Brightness was at 95 nits, and I set the reporting tool to calculate all the DeltaE values relative to that slightly lower peak brightness - otherwise, the average DeltaE 2000 would have been even higher than 1.63. By using the 95 nit as reference in the first out-of-the-box verification, the report shows us more clearly that for some reason, the greyscale tracks until 80% signal level slightly darker than Gamma 2.4 and above 80% it tracks brighter than Gamma 2.4 with an average of Gamma 2.447. This deviation in EOTF tracking is odd for a factory-calibrated display. Colour Primaries and Whitepoint could also be more accurate. White balance was a bit on the yellow side; this deviation alone was responsible for a big part of the 1.63 average DeltaE 2000. The relatively stable drift graph in the bottom right corner is nice to see, the display stays relatively stable while cycling through all 1090 colours of the verification profile (at least in SDR).</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/d7bc5c9b-05b6-49a1-ab7f-8c6f5a5933f5/20250422_172116.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - The ASUS PA32UCDM for professional colour grading - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>The USB-C port of the iPad Pro can be used to connect an external display. The image above shows the iPad Pro receiving a video stream via DaVinci Remote Monitor from my Resolve Laptop over WiFi through a VPN tunnel and displaying the video stream on the ASUS PA32UCDM. I will need some extra time to figure out the correct setup between iPad and ASUS. Since Apple iPad OS and Colour Sync are involved, I will have to separately verify the colour accuracy of this use case and update this article as soon as I know more.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.colourscienceservices.xyz/blog/a-colourists-and-display-calibrators-look-at-the-ipad-13-2024</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2024-10-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/39925da9-d80b-40a9-ad6d-a9f7a9103ce9/HX310_Screenshot+2024-09-27+135815.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>The above image is a small summary of the results from the verification profile taken from a calibrated Sony BVM-HX310. These results represent what you can expect from a calibrated HX-310 in Rec709 SDR. The HX-310 will be the reference in this little case study (since it is the reference in the professional colour grading world anyway). The colour target, as mentioned earlier, was Rec709 with a pure 2.4 power law EOTF (aka Gamma 2.4). The target white point is D65 at a peak luminance of 100 nits. As can be seen from the data 1087 colour patches across the whole colour volume were measured in this verification profile. All 1087 measurements landed easily within 0-1 DeltaE 2000. As a rule of thumb, a DeltaE 2000 of 1 would be the visual threshold where a human could either just notice or just not yet notice a difference between the measured colour patch and a perfect reference colour patch in direct comparison. This rule does not hold up perfectly for all the colours in the volume since our visual system is more sensitive to certain colours and less to others but it helps to compare displays objectively. We also see that the average DeltaE 2000 of all 1087 colour patches is less than 0.2 which is extremely colour-accurate. Not one single colour patch was above DeltaE 2000 of 1. The patch with the highest deviation had a DeltaE 2000 of just 0.7. An almost perfect calibration result - but of course, this display has its price and we expect best-in-class performance from such a device.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/2c8ca6e9-40c4-461f-85c1-22cd28b3299a/HX310_Screenshot+2024-09-27+140125.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Here we are looking at the 3 dimensional graph of the verification profile of the HX-310. The darkest colours are at the bottom and the brightest colours are at the top. Here it becomes clear that the darkest primaries are slightly tapered inwards into the colour volume which is normal for the dual LCD technology. As soon as the signal level for a primary reaches about 2-3% the colour measures in almost exactly at the colour space boundary - which is what we want to see. The primaries remain stable and in spec for the vast majority of the signal range. The reason these very dark patches are still marked as green (DeltaE 2000 &lt; 1) is that in the DeltaE 2000 specification, deviations in such dark colours are regarded as not visually noticeable and in the case of the HX-310 the point with the highest deviation only had a DeltaE 2000 of 0.7.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/c3a3e3c9-3d4b-497a-a352-20c81ed3a7d8/HX310_Screenshot+2024-09-27+135911.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>In the graphs above we see the accuracy of the gradation and white balance of the HX-310 which is absolutely stellar. The EOTF is tracked almost perfectly and the the D65 white is maintained throughout the entire grey ramp.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/1b56deec-8f76-46aa-8640-071731c40813/HX310_Screenshot+2024-09-27+135957.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Another view of the 2D projection of the CIE 1931 graph from the verification profile of the HX-310. This time with all the 1087 measured colour patches. We see a lot of "clumps" which are all individual dark to bright ramps of the same CIE 1931 x,y chromaticities - ideally, the points of each clump would be all perfectly on top of each other in this projection. But no display (neither probe) is perfect - hence the visible clumps.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/62a7f8ce-49a7-48de-ab7c-c181cdffa0ab/iPad_Screenshot+2024-09-27+140933.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Then, for comparison the zoomed-in sections of the CIE 1931 graphs from the verification profile of the iPad Pro 13" (2024), focusing on the white point and primary ramps. Slightly more deviations are visible compared to the HX-310 (please note that the zoom-in is very strong for illustration purposes). However, it becomes clear that some patches of the primary ramps are outside of the colour space boundary.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/e0553e85-0a6f-42d1-99a5-5637224c7821/iPad_Screenshot+2024-09-27+141201.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Another view on the 2D projection of the CIE 1931 graph with all the verification data points taken from the iPad Pro 13" (2024). We can see that the "clumps" are a little bit larger than on the HX-310. Also, especially in the red corner, the clumps are elongated towards the red primary. The darker colours of the individual colour ramps are skewed towards more saturated tones while still mostly within the DeltaE 2000 &lt;1 range and only very few points above DeltaE 2000 of 1. The core of the colour volume (area around the white point) is not affected by this as much as the more saturated colours are. So if you ever wondered why certain darker colours containing a fair amount of red look slightly more saturated on the iPad Pro (2024) compared to the Sony BVM-HX310 reference display - now you know.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/00a84db0-ae64-4579-9d91-4cc79583243f/iPad_Screenshot+2024-09-27+140813.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>In the second image, we see the same summary from the verification profile run on the iPad Pro 13" (2024) after I visually matched the white point of the iPad Pro to the white point of the HX-310 and incorporated this small adjustment into the iPad Pro via the white point fine-tuning feature. Since it was not possible to do anything else, the gamut mapping of the iPad Pro is still untouched. So we are seeing here how good the Apple factory profiling/calibration is, regarding gamut mapping. With the same verification colour patch set we have only 38 colours that came in with a DeltaE 2000 higher than 1. The point with the highest deviation still only had a DeltaE 2000 of 1.5. The average across all 1087 colour patches was 0.46 - which is excellent for a consumer device - in fact, it is in the same ballpark as a perfectly calibrated Sony PVM-A250 OLED.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/9ad905aa-b30f-4e5d-8aed-bdfc3720c749/HX310_Screenshot+2024-09-27+141020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>In the graphs above we are looking at zoomed-in parts of the 2D projection of the CIE 1931 diagram, focusing only on the white point and R, G, B primary ramps from the verification profile of the HX-310.  Overall near perfect accuracy. But some points don't seem to hit the primaries exactly but are still marked as green. To see what is going on there we need to look at a 3 dimensional illustration (see below)</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/710b8ba3-4a77-4ddc-bf7b-3b3477adfb2e/iPad_Screenshot+2024-09-27+141331.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>In the CIE 1931 3D graph, we can see that in the red and green primary ramps, the darkest patches seem to be skewed slightly outwards compared to what we could observe on the HX-310. So essentially darker primaries on the iPad Pro 13" (2024) would look a tiny bit more saturated than they should. I have to stress again that we are talking about tiny differences since most of the measurement points we are talking about are still within the DeltaE 2000 0-1 range. But since most of the colours with a higher than average DeltaE 2000 deviation seem to be concentrated towards the lower signal range and these colours are all skewed towards the boundaries of the target Colour Space, observers may notice very small differences when comparing images displayed side-by-side on the iPad Pro and the HX-310. But again: these differences are well within the tolerances for a professional colour-grading display.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/f6b7551c-e822-4d74-b42f-cf48822ad522/iPad_Screenshot+2024-09-27+140857.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>The same graphs taken from the verification profile data of the iPad Pro 13" (2024) show in some places slight deviations from the optimum but still very good results and well within the accepted tolerances for professional colour grading displays. Apple ColorSync does exactly what it is supposed to do (at least in Rec709 Gamma 2.4 SDR, tests for other colour targets may follow in the future).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>blog - A colourists and display calibrators look at the iPad Pro M4 13” (2024 model) - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Using the iPad Pro 13" (2024) as video output Monitor via BMD DaVinci Resolve's local network streaming feature.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Tobias Keene, D.D.S. Dr. Tobias Keene kommt aus Richmond, Virginia, und bringt allen seinen Patienten etwas unerschrockene südliche Gastfreundschaft entgegen. Er zog vor über dreißig Jahren als Studienanfänger am Ivy College nach Washington, DC. Unmittelbar nach dem Abschluss besuchte er die School of Dentistry der World University. Bevor er 1994 Keene Dental eröffnete, arbeitete er für freie Kliniken und einige der besten Praxen in Washington, DC. Er ist Mitglied der 123 Dental Association und hält sich über die neuesten zahnmedizinischen Erkenntnisse auf dem Laufenden. Wenn er nicht gerade dabei ist, seine Patienten glücklich und gesund zu halten, geht er gerne mit seiner Familie im Rock Creek Park wandern.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>work - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Was auch immer es ist – die Art und Weise, wie du deine Geschichte online vermittelst, kann einen gewaltigen Unterschied ausmachen.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>work - Mach es besonders</image:title>
      <image:caption>Was auch immer es ist – die Art und Weise, wie du deine Geschichte online vermittelst, kann einen gewaltigen Unterschied ausmachen.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/1611757385150-CGPCEMSQFCBBIXKCYMG4/WaderWeckerVaterLand169060.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>work</image:title>
      <image:caption>Wader Wecker Vater Land</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/1612037023643-89G22CRPYB3NJTURNYY6/The-Vanishing-Movie-Poster-94783.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>work</image:title>
      <image:caption>Vanashing</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/1612037176135-B4EV6NTWJB6F58BAG3J2/JonahAndTheVicariousNatureOfHomesicknessPoster-85612.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>work</image:title>
      <image:caption>Jonah and the Vicarious Nature of Homesickness</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/1612041630911-QAJ6FD7PO066WI9QNU70/TheDayWeDancedOnTheMoon.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>work</image:title>
      <image:caption>The day we danced on the Moon</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5feca3e68fbb57315015a268/1612103227138-5UJ4WUNQALMKPLA94SSI/1158537.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>work</image:title>
      <image:caption>La Tierra Se Quedó</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
</urlset>

